Ferritic steels with higher Chromium and Molybdenum contents are mostly used for thin-walled products in corrosive media in all industrial sectors. Martensitic and semi-martensitic steels with Chromium contents of approx. 12 to 18% and Molybdenum and Nickel achieve high strength and good wear resistance through heat treatment. The main areas of application are cutlery and mechanical engineering.
The most important alloying elements of such steels are Cr and Mo. A ferritic, body-centred cubic solid solution structure can be achieved through a special balance of the alloying elements. Cr, Mo and others act as strong ferrite-stabilising elements. The elements stabilising the austenite, such as Ni, Mn, C, N, are kept very low. The Cr content of ferritic stainless steels is usually between 12 and 28%. In the case of high-performance steels in particular, so-called superferrites, extremely low C and N contents are aimed for, which has a positive effect on the toughness characteristics. Ni is added in small quantities as a toughness-enhancing alloying element. Ferritic steels are highly ferromagnetic.
Corrosion resistance is essentially determined by the Cr and Mo content. Resistance to intergranular corrosion is determined by the free Cr content, i.e. the Cr content in the solid solution that is not bound in the form of Cr carbides.
In general, ferritic stainless steels have a slightly higher strength and are significantly more resistant to stress corrosion cracking than austenitic Cr-Ni-(Mo) steels. Formability, on the other hand, is comparatively poorer, as is toughness, which also depends heavily on the cross-section. Ferritic stainless steels also show a pronounced transition from ductile to brittle fracture behaviour with decreasing temperature.
Due to these limitations, their use is severely restricted to thin-walled products (sheets, strips, pipes) in all industrial sectors and in corrosive media, e.g. for household goods, chemical process technology, magnetic applications and many more.
Martensitic and semi-martensitic stainless steels are ferromagnetic and have a microstructure consisting mainly of a martensitic phase (carbon martensite), possibly with small amounts of secondary phases, mainly ferrite and carbides. Such steels are tempered to higher strengths by heat treatment, e.g. hardening and tempering. The Cr content is approx. 12 to 18%, with proportions of Mo and Ni. Depending on the C and N content and the proportion of ferrite, high strengths and good wear resistance can be achieved with these steels.
Martensitic and semi-martensitic stainless steels have lower toughness and a relatively high transition temperature, are difficult to weld and generally require subsequent heat treatment, which means that their use is usually limited to non-welded parts. In order to achieve a martensitic or semi-martensitic microstructure, the Cr content tends to be in the low range and some of the chromium is bound in carbide precipitates. As a result, the corrosion resistance is comparatively lower and is usually below that of standard austenitic steels. For this reason and also because of their limited toughness, martensitic stainless steels are used where strength and hardness are primarily required, e.g. for cutting tools, general mechanical engineering, shafts and fasteners.
Heta treatable Chromum steel. Used for turbine components. In a ground and polished surface-finish, corrosion resistant against water and steam.
Read MoreChromium stainless steel for turbine components. Good cold formability. In a ground and polished surface-finish, corrosion resistant against water and steam.
Read MoreBÖHLER N114 is a modified 13% chromium steel with special soft magnetic properties, namely very low coercive force and high electrical resistance. Due to the high sulphur content, the material can be machined very well, for example on automatic machining centres. BÖHLER N114 has very good hot and cold extrusion properties. Used for stainless parts for mechanical and electrical engineering, e.g. solenoid valves, pistons, back-locking parts, pole cores, shields and magnetic armatures. Delivery condition annealed ex works. A final annealing treatment for magnetic properties must be carried out after cold forming, e.g. extrusion, upsetting or extensive machining processes.
Read MoreBÖHLER N324 is a heat-treatable, corrosion-resistant steel with 13% Cr, 1.3% Mo and 1.2% Ni. The sulphur content of approx. 0.2% improves machinability. This steel has better corrosion resistance, hardness and toughness than standard steels with 13% Cr. A high surface quality is required to achieve adequate corrosion resistance after hardening and tempering. A polishing and passivation treatment is recommended. Tempering above 427 °C [800 °F] leads to reduced corrosion resistance. Products made from this steel are used for parts in general engineering and non-critical cutting and non-cutting medical applications with a hardness of up to 48/53 HRC that require resistance to wear and corrosion. Typical parts include knives, scissors, drills, screws and blades. Grades with improved machinability should not be used for critical parts of surgical instruments and should only be considered for instrument applications if appropriate measures can be taken during manufacture to minimize the inherent limitations of this alloy class.
Read MoreComponents for mechanical, marine and plant engineering, pump and compressor parts, sucker rods, curring surgical instruments. Martensitic chromium steel with a carbon content permitting to obtain high tensile strength levels by heat treatment. Increased chromium content molybdenum addition account for good resistance to sea water, organic acids and nitric acid, as well as excellent resistance to crevice corrosion. The steel presents satisfactory high temperature strength, excellent wear resistance and good antifriction properties. Surface finish for optimum corrosion resistance: fine ground or polished.
Read MoreBÖHLER N352 is a martensitic chromium steel with nickel addition. Heat treatable grade, capable of taking a mirror finish. Higher corrosion resistance compared to 13% chromium steal. Resistant to the effects of seawater, weak acids and alkaline solutions, as well as to acids having a strong, oxidizing effect such as nitric acid. Surface finish for optimum corrosion resistance: fine ground or polished. For components subject to high mechanical and corrosive stress, e.g. screws and shafts, at operating temperatures up to approx. 752° F.
Read MoreBÖHLER N352S1 is a martensitic chromium steel with nickel addition. Heat treatable grade, capable of taking a mirror finish. Higher corrosion resistance compared to 13% chromium steel. Resistant to the effects of seawater, weak acids and alkaline solutions, as well as to acids having a strong, oxidizing effect such as nitric acid. Surface finish for optimum corrosion resistance: fine ground or polished. For components subject to high mechanical and corrosive stress, e.g. screws and shafts, at operating temperatures up to approx. 752° F.
Read MoreBÖHLER N360 is a premium aircraft quality corrosion resistant, martensitic stainless steel, produced using the P-ESR-process. Compared to conventionally produced Cr and CrMo steels, BÖHLER N360 offers improved corrosion resistance and toughness properties as well as high hardness and compressive strength. It is typically used for anti-friction bearing components e.g. bearings, ball screws and wear resistant components for use in the aircraft industry and for automotive components, requiring resistance to both corrosion and wear with hardness not lower than 58 HRC after hardening and tempering, but usage is not limited to such applications.
Read MoreBÖHLER N400 is a stainless soft martensitic Cr steel with 4% nickel with molybdenum addition and medium corrosion resistance in media with only a low chloride content. To achieve the best possible corrosion resistance with BÖHLER N400, it is essential to polish the surfaces concerned. Good mechanical properties in the quenched and tempered condition. This makes this material very suitable for use in turbine and power plant construction. Very good low-temperature properties. Recommended temperature of use: – 60 to 350°C. Use for valves, pumps, compressors, centrifuges, hydroelectric machines, turbines, reactor technology, shipbuilding, chemicals. Special heat treatment to max. 23 HRC is required for sour gas enviroment in petroleum engineering.
Read MoreBÖHLER N404 is a stainless, soft martensitic Cr steel with 5% nickel and molybdenum addition with higher corrosion resistance than that of stainless steels of type 1.4313. The molybdenum addition also permits limited use in the maritime sector. BÖHLER N404 is particularly insensitive to intergranular corrosion and very resistant to fatigue and stress corrosion cracking and offers good mechanical properties in the quenched and tempered condition. This makes this material very suitable for use in the oil and gas sector, e.g. for fittings, pumps, compressors, centrifuges, hydropower machinery, reactor technology, shipbuilding, chemicals, petroleum technology, aviation and refrigeration technology. Very good low-temperature properties. Recommended application temperature from – 60 to 350°C. Special heat treatment to max. 23 HRC is required for sour gas stress in petroleum technology. In order to achieve the best possible corrosion resistance, the relevant surfaces must be polished.
Read MoreBÖHLER N425 (UNS S41427) – Super 13Cr – is a martensitic stainless steel with a nickel content of approx. 5% and 2% molybdenum, with excellent corrosion resistance in a CO2 environment and at low concentrations of chlorides and H2S and is more resistant than comparable 13%Cr steels. The steel is particularly resistant to intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, is easy to weld and offers good mechanical properties in the quenched and tempered condition even at low temperatures. Recommended application temperature from – 60 to 350°C. The material is specially tested for toughness and behavior under sour gas load. In order to achieve the best possible corrosion resistance, it is essential to polish the relevant surfaces. BÖHLER N425 is available with a minimum yield strength of 95 ksi and maximum hardness of 29 HRC, making it suitable for limited NACE oxygen applications and also available as a 110 ksi version for standard and CO2 applications. This material is used in downhole completion tools for components such as packers, safety valves and other applications.
Read MoreCorrosion resistant, martensitic 13 % Cr steel grade for example special knives , scissors, table knives, kitchen knives and machining cutting knives.
Read MoreBÖHLER N664 is a corrosion-resistant steel with 17%Cr and Mo-addition in the form of bars, wire, forgings, and forging stock. These products have been used typically for parts in general engineering and cutting and non cutting medical applications , e.g. chisels, knives, osteotomes, scalpels drills, retractors, spreaders, tongs requiring hardness up to 56/57 HRC and resistance to wear, corrosion, and oxidation depending on instrument design and application but usage is not limited to such applications.
Read MoreCorrosion resistant, martensitic 14% Cr steel grade with Cb addition for example special knives, scissors, table knives, kitchen knives and machining cutting knives.
Read MoreBÖHLER N678 is a hardenable corrosion resistant Cr-Mo steel grade with addition of Vanadium for hardened tools and parts with good corrosion resistance in sea water and chloric medias.
Read MoreCorrosion resistant, martensitic 13% Cr steel grade with Cb addition for example special knives, scissors, table knives, kitchen knives and machining cutting knives.
Read MoreHardenable Cr– and Mo alloyed steel grade with additions of Vanadium and Nitrogen with excellent corrosion resistance especially in sea water and chloric medias.
Read MoreBÖHLER N685 is a corrosion-resistant steel with molybdenium and vanadium additions in the form of bars, wire, forgings, and forging stock. These products have been used typically for parts in engineering and medical applications requiring hardness up to 58 HRC and resistance to wear, corrosion, and oxidation, but usage is not limited to such applications.
Read MoreBÖHLER N695 is a Chromium alloyed stainless steel with high hardness, wear resistance and good corrosion resistance in the hardened and tempered condition. this grade is typically used for parts requiring hardness up to 58 HRC and resistance to wear, corrosion, and oxidation, e.g. balls, rollers, needles and rings for corrosion resistant bearings, but usage is not limited to such applications.
Read MoreBÖHLER N695SA is a high-grade, vacuum remelted chromium stainless steel of aerospace quality, offering high hardness, wear resistance, and good corrosion resistance in the quenched and tempered condition. Compared to air-melted quality, this steel exhibits improved rolling contact fatigue properties and is typically used for components requiring hardness up to 58 HRC and resistance to wear, corrosion, and oxidation—such as balls, rollers, needles, and rings for corrosion-resistant bearings—although its use is not limited to these applications.
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